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1 News 192 Publications 19 Members

Visualizing protein-DNA interactions at the single-molecule level.

J, Hilario Sc, Kowalczykowski

Published in Current Opinion in Chemical Biology

Recent advancements in single-molecule methods have allowed researchers to directly observe proteins acting on their DNA targets in real-time. Single-molecule imaging of protein-DNA interactions permits detection of the dynamic behavior of individual complexes that otherwise would be obscured in ensemble experiments. The kinetics of these processes...

Single molecule analysis of a red fluorescent RecA protein reveals a defect in nucleoprotein filament nucleation that re...

N, Handa I, Amitani N, Gumlaw Sj, Sandler Sc, Kowalczykowski

Published in Journal of Biological Chemistry

Fluorescent fusion proteins are exceedingly useful for monitoring protein localization in situ or visualizing protein behavior at the single molecule level. Unfortunately, some proteins are rendered inactive by the fusion. To circumvent this problem, we fused a hyperactive RecA protein (RecA803 protein) to monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP1) ...

An archaeal Rad54 protein remodels DNA and stimulates DNA strand exchange by RadA.

Haseltine, Cynthia A Kowalczykowski, Stephen C

Published in Nucleic acids research

Rad54 protein is a key member of the RAD52 epistasis group required for homologous recombination in eukaryotes. Rad54 is a duplex DNA translocase that remodels both DNA and protein-DNA complexes, and functions at multiple steps in the recombination process. Here we use biochemical criteria to demonstrate the existence of this important protein in a...

The BRC repeats of BRCA2 modulate the DNA-binding selectivity of RAD51.

A, Carreira J, Hilario I, Amitani Rj, Baskin Mk, Shivji Ar, Venkitaraman Sc, Kowalczykowski

Published in Cell

The breast cancer susceptibility protein, BRCA2, is essential for recombinational DNA repair. BRCA2 delivers RAD51 to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks through interaction with eight conserved, approximately 35 amino acid motifs, the BRC repeats. Here we show that the solitary BRC4 promotes assembly of RAD51 onto single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), but n...

Rad52 promotes second-end DNA capture in double-stranded break repair to form complement-stabilized joint molecules.

Av, Nimonkar Ra, Sica Sc, Kowalczykowski

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52 performs multiple functions during the recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks (DSBs). It mediates assembly of Rad51 onto single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that is complexed with replication protein A (RPA); the resulting nucleoprotein filament pairs with homologous dsDNA to form joint molecules. Rad52 ...

Direct imaging of human Rad51 nucleoprotein dynamics on individual DNA molecules.

Hilario, Jovencio Amitani, Ichiro Baskin, Ronald J Kowalczykowski, Stephen C

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Rad51 protein (Rad51) is central to recombinational repair of double-strand DNA breaks. It polymerizes onto DNA and promotes strand exchange between homologous chromosomes. We visualized the real-time assembly and disassembly of human Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments on double-stranded DNA by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Rad51 assembly ext...

RecBCD enzyme and the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks.

Ms, Dillingham Sc, Kowalczykowski

Published in Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

The RecBCD enzyme of Escherichia coli is a helicase-nuclease that initiates the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination. It also degrades linear double-stranded DNA, protecting the bacteria from phages and extraneous chromosomal DNA. The RecBCD enzyme is, however, regulated by a cis-acting DNA sequence known as Chi (crossov...

Human exonuclease 1 and BLM helicase interact to resect DNA and initiate DNA repair.

Av, Nimonkar Az, Ozsoy J, Genschel P, Modrich Sc, Kowalczykowski

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

The error-free repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination requires processing of broken ends. These processed ends are substrates for assembly of DNA strand exchange proteins that mediate DNA strand invasion. Here, we establish that human BLM helicase, a member of the RecQ family, stimulates the nucleolytic activity of human e...

Fluorescent single-stranded DNA binding protein as a probe for sensitive, real-time assays of helicase activity.

Dillingham, Mark S Tibbles, Katherine L Hunter, Jackie L Bell, Jason C Kowalczykowski, Stephen C Webb, Martin R

Published in Biophysical journal

The formation and maintenance of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are essential parts of many processes involving DNA. For example, strand separation of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is catalyzed by helicases, and this exposure of the bases on the DNA allows further processing, such as replication, recombination, or repair. Assays of helicase activity and...

Rad51 protein controls Rad52-mediated DNA annealing.

Y, Wu N, Kantake T, Sugiyama Sc, Kowalczykowski

Published in Journal of Biological Chemistry

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad52 protein plays an essential role in the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). Rad52 and its orthologs possess the unique capacity to anneal single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) complexed with its cognate ssDNA-binding protein, RPA. This annealing activity is used in multiple mechanisms of DSB repair: single-stranded ...

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